Food self-sufficiency of the world's countries
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The map shows whether a country can feed itself. The world as a whole produces exactly as many calories as it consumes (99%), but they are spread unevenly: 49 of 186 countries produce more than they consume, while 53 cover less than half of their needs with their own production. The biggest “breadbaskets” are Australia (254.3%), Ukraine (220.4%), Paraguay (209.9%), Uruguay (197.2%), Moldova (181.7%) and Canada (177.8%). The most import-dependent are Djibouti, Macao, Qatar, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahrain, Hong Kong, Malta and Kuwait — less than 12% of calories from their own production; Saudi Arabia 21.4%, UAE 25.7%. Among the large economies, East Asia is vulnerable: Japan produces 41.5% of the calories it consumes, Taiwan and South Korea about 30%. For grain the picture is starker: 66 countries import three quarters or more of the grain they consume, 21 of them all of it.
Ranking
Food self-sufficiency in calories, % (2021–2023).
Click a country on the globe or search for it to see its value, rank and source.
Production to domestic consumption in calories, %, 2021–2023. Click a class to highlight its countries.
Sources
Data as of 21 October 2026
FAO, Food Balance Sheets (FAOSTAT), as processed by Our World in Data (dataset faostat_fbsc, version 2026-02-25). Data retrieved 21 October 2026.
Spin the globe and click countries. The same data are shown below on a flat map and in a table.
World map
The same data on a flat map in the equal-area Equal Earth projection: country areas keep their true proportions.
Click a country to see its value, rank and source.
Data by country
All the values used to shade the globe and the map. Rank and class follow the selected indicator. Click a row to show the country on the map.
| Source | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Australia | 254.3% | exports 252.7% of consumption | 8 | FAO |
| 2 | Ukraine | 220.4% | exports 205.9% of consumption | 8 | FAO |
| 3 | Paraguay | 209.9% | exports 245.5% of consumption | 8 | FAO |
| 4 | Uruguay | 197.2% | exports 63.1% of consumption | 8 | FAO |
| 5 | Moldova | 181.7% | exports 82.8% of consumption | 8 | FAO |
| 6 | Canada | 177.8% | exports 80.9% of consumption | 8 | FAO |
| 7 | Lithuania | 175.3% | exports 168.7% of consumption | 8 | FAO |
| 8 | Bulgaria | 173.3% | exports 181.2% of consumption | 8 | FAO |
| 9 | Latvia | 165.4% | exports 147.4% of consumption | 8 | FAO |
| 10 | Malaysia | 164.1% | imports 76.9% of consumption | 8 | FAO |
| 11 | Estonia | 159.6% | exports 111.7% of consumption | 8 | FAO |
| 12 | Papua New Guinea | 157.4% | imports 98% of consumption | 8 | FAO |
| 13 | New Zealand | 155.8% | imports 47.6% of consumption | 8 | FAO |
| 14 | Brazil | 155.7% | exports 31.4% of consumption | 8 | FAO |
| 15 | Argentina | 152.2% | exports 139.6% of consumption | 8 | FAO |
| 16 | Romania | 144% | exports 96.1% of consumption | 7 | FAO |
| 17 | Kazakhstan | 143.7% | exports 62.6% of consumption | 7 | FAO |
| 18 | Indonesia | 142.3% | imports 16.4% of consumption | 7 | FAO |
| 19 | Belize | 137.3% | imports 14.3% of consumption | 7 | FAO |
| 20 | Micronesia | 134.7% | imports 100% of consumption | 7 | FAO |
| 21 | Serbia | 133.8% | exports 38.6% of consumption | 7 | FAO |
| 22 | France | 132.9% | exports 69.9% of consumption | 7 | FAO |
| 23 | Russian Federation | 131.3% | exports 33.3% of consumption | 7 | FAO |
| 24 | Hungary | 130.3% | exports 49.4% of consumption | 7 | FAO |
| 25 | Eswatini | 129.7% | imports 75.1% of consumption | 7 | FAO |
| 26 | Guyana | 127.6% | exports 106.4% of consumption | 7 | FAO |
| 27 | Czechia | 125.2% | exports 53% of consumption | 7 | FAO |
| 28 | Laos | 122.8% | exports 0.3% of consumption | 7 | FAO |
| 29 | Thailand | 122.4% | exports 17% of consumption | 7 | FAO |
| 30 | Guatemala | 120.4% | imports 56% of consumption | 7 | FAO |
| 31 | Slovakia | 119.3% | exports 77.5% of consumption | 6 | FAO |
| 32 | Kiribati | 119.2% | imports 100% of consumption | 6 | FAO |
| 33 | Bolivia | 119.1% | imports 10.5% of consumption | 6 | FAO |
| 34 | Croatia | 118.3% | exports 49.5% of consumption | 6 | FAO |
| 35 | United States | 117.4% | exports 20% of consumption | 6 | FAO |
| 36 | Myanmar | 114.8% | exports 13.3% of consumption | 6 | FAO |
| 37 | Solomon Islands | 113.6% | imports 96.6% of consumption | 6 | FAO |
| 38 | Poland | 112.8% | exports 29.3% of consumption | 6 | FAO |
| 39 | Iceland | 110.9% | imports 94.8% of consumption | 6 | FAO |
| 40 | Zambia | 110.4% | exports 7.3% of consumption | 6 | FAO |
| 41 | Côte d’Ivoire | 110.2% | imports 49.9% of consumption | 6 | FAO |
| 42 | Belarus | 108.5% | imports 3.9% of consumption | 6 | FAO |
| 43 | Cambodia | 107.4% | exports 3.2% of consumption | 6 | FAO |
| 44 | Nicaragua | 104% | imports 50.9% of consumption | 6 | FAO |
| 45 | Denmark | 103.2% | exports 6.1% of consumption | 6 | FAO |
| 46 | Ecuador | 101.9% | imports 40.4% of consumption | 6 | FAO |
| 47 | Malawi | 101.5% | imports 2% of consumption | 6 | FAO |
| 48 | India | 101.3% | exports 12.2% of consumption | 6 | FAO |
| 49 | Tanzania | 100.2% | imports 2.2% of consumption | 6 | FAO |
| 50 | South Africa | 99.4% | imports 0.8% of consumption | 5 | FAO |
| 51 | Costa Rica | 97.5% | imports 91.4% of consumption | 5 | FAO |
| 52 | Central African Republic | 96.9% | imports 15.8% of consumption | 5 | FAO |
| 53 | Pakistan | 94.9% | exports 10.6% of consumption | 5 | FAO |
| 54 | Ghana | 94% | imports 33.9% of consumption | 5 | FAO |
| 55 | Uganda | 92.8% | imports 15.1% of consumption | 5 | FAO |
| 56 | Chad | 92.8% | imports 5.4% of consumption | 5 | FAO |
| 57 | Honduras | 92.7% | imports 67.7% of consumption | 5 | FAO |
| 58 | Mali | 92.7% | imports 8% of consumption | 5 | FAO |
| 59 | Nauru | 92.7% | imports 100% of consumption | 5 | FAO |
| 60 | Burkina Faso | 92.6% | imports 20.5% of consumption | 5 | FAO |
| 61 | DR Congo | 91% | imports 25.5% of consumption | 5 | FAO |
| 62 | Sierra Leone | 90.6% | imports 31.1% of consumption | 5 | FAO |
| 63 | Burundi | 90.5% | imports 26.3% of consumption | 5 | FAO |
| 64 | Nigeria | 90.5% | imports 16.3% of consumption | 5 | FAO |
| 65 | Cameroon | 88.4% | imports 35.4% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 66 | Gabon | 88% | imports 86.1% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 67 | Germany | 88% | imports 0.4% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 68 | South Sudan | 87.7% | imports 23% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 69 | Niger | 87.4% | imports 24% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 70 | Ethiopia | 86.6% | imports 8.9% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 71 | Turkmenistan | 86% | imports 22.2% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 72 | Fiji | 85.5% | imports 92.6% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 73 | Vanuatu | 84.6% | imports 98.2% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 74 | Sudan | 82.9% | imports 25.5% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 75 | Finland | 82.1% | imports 1.4% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 76 | Benin | 81.8% | imports 52.4% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 77 | Mozambique | 81.7% | imports 52.4% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 78 | Vietnam | 81.2% | imports 15.9% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 79 | Madagascar | 81.1% | imports 20.1% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 80 | Guinea | 80.9% | imports 29.3% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 81 | Togo | 80.7% | imports 32.8% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 82 | Nepal | 80.1% | imports 18% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 83 | China | 79.8% | imports 9.1% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 84 | Uzbekistan | 79.6% | imports 28.4% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 85 | Greece | 78.5% | imports 33.8% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 86 | Austria | 77.7% | imports 20.5% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 87 | Guinea-Bissau | 77.7% | imports 50.7% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 88 | Zimbabwe | 77.4% | imports 40.6% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 89 | Turkey | 77.4% | imports 36.4% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 90 | Angola | 77.3% | imports 35.3% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 91 | Kyrgyzstan | 77.2% | imports 27% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 92 | Peru | 77.2% | imports 51.4% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 93 | Philippines | 77.2% | imports 31.1% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 94 | Sweden | 76.9% | exports 14.5% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 95 | Rwanda | 76.7% | imports 35.7% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 96 | Marshall Islands | 76.2% | imports 100% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 97 | Colombia | 75.9% | imports 65.3% of consumption | 4 | FAO |
| 98 | Senegal | 73.5% | imports 48.6% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 99 | Bangladesh | 73.2% | imports 16.7% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 100 | El Salvador | 73.1% | imports 54.5% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 101 | Mongolia | 71.6% | imports 44.6% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 102 | Mexico | 71.1% | imports 38.1% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 103 | United Kingdom | 68.9% | imports 24.7% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 104 | Azerbaijan | 68.5% | imports 33% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 105 | Albania | 68.1% | imports 36.4% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 106 | São Tomé & Príncipe | 67.7% | imports 96.1% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 107 | Mauritius | 67.2% | imports 99.7% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 108 | Sri Lanka | 67.1% | imports 25.8% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 109 | Panama | 65.9% | imports 64.3% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 110 | Kenya | 65.2% | imports 51.2% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 111 | Spain | 63.9% | imports 49.4% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 112 | Tonga | 63.6% | imports 100% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 113 | Dominican Republic | 63.4% | imports 64.8% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 114 | Egypt | 62.9% | imports 41% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 115 | Iran | 62.5% | imports 39.9% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 116 | Ireland | 62.1% | imports 61.5% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 117 | Suriname | 62.1% | exports 4.9% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 118 | North Macedonia | 62% | imports 25.7% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 119 | Tajikistan | 61.3% | imports 47% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 120 | Bosnia & Herzegovina | 61% | imports 36.1% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 121 | Venezuela | 60.8% | imports 49.7% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 122 | Slovenia | 60.8% | imports 40.4% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 123 | Chile | 60% | imports 60.4% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 124 | Syria | 59% | imports 47% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 125 | Luxembourg | 58.7% | imports 38.7% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 126 | Seychelles | 57.8% | imports 100% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 127 | Republic of the Congo | 56.4% | imports 94.5% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 128 | Italy | 56.2% | imports 42.4% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 129 | Dominica | 55.4% | imports 100% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 130 | Afghanistan | 54.6% | imports 46.1% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 131 | Switzerland | 54.4% | imports 65.6% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 132 | Liberia | 52.2% | imports 76.5% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 133 | Belgium | 51.7% | imports 74.7% of consumption | 3 | FAO |
| 134 | Samoa | 49.3% | imports 100% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 135 | Armenia | 49.2% | imports 73.2% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 136 | Morocco | 48.1% | imports 61.5% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 137 | Georgia | 46.8% | imports 67.5% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 138 | Tunisia | 45.6% | imports 75.7% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 139 | Portugal | 43.7% | imports 83% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 140 | Namibia | 42.5% | imports 80.6% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 141 | Netherlands | 42.3% | imports 91.7% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 142 | Haiti | 41.9% | imports 78.3% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 143 | Japan | 41.5% | imports 67.8% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 144 | Mauritania | 40.1% | imports 63.7% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 145 | Comoros | 39.1% | imports 91.2% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 146 | St. Vincent & Grenadines | 36.9% | imports 96.3% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 147 | Lesotho | 35.9% | imports 70.8% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 148 | Jamaica | 35.3% | imports 99.8% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 149 | French Polynesia | 34.6% | imports 100% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 150 | Bhutan | 33.7% | imports 75% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 151 | Norway | 33.3% | imports 76.3% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 152 | Iraq | 33.2% | imports 62.1% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 153 | Lebanon | 33.1% | imports 88.8% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 154 | Algeria | 32.8% | imports 76.9% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 155 | St. Kitts & Nevis | 31.2% | imports 100% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 156 | Taiwan | 30.1% | imports 77% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 157 | Timor-Leste | 29.7% | imports 76.5% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 158 | Barbados | 29.5% | imports 100% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 159 | South Korea | 29.5% | imports 77.4% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 160 | UAE | 25.7% | imports 99.5% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 161 | Somalia | 25.6% | imports 90.6% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 162 | Cyprus | 25.2% | imports 92.8% of consumption | 2 | FAO |
| 163 | Oman | 24.1% | imports 91.8% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 164 | Grenada | 23.4% | imports 100% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 165 | Israel | 22.9% | imports 95.7% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 166 | Trinidad & Tobago | 22.1% | imports 98.5% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 167 | Gambia | 21.8% | imports 88.4% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 168 | Saudi Arabia | 21.4% | imports 92.8% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 169 | Botswana | 21.1% | imports 88% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 170 | Libya | 20.6% | imports 90% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 171 | Yemen | 20.2% | imports 89.6% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 172 | St. Lucia | 18.9% | imports 100% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 173 | Bahamas | 17.7% | imports 98.4% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 174 | Jordan | 17.5% | imports 97.8% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 175 | Maldives | 16.9% | imports 100% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 176 | Montenegro | 15.7% | imports 97.7% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 177 | New Caledonia | 15.6% | imports 92.8% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 178 | Cape Verde | 13.1% | imports 100% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 179 | Kuwait | 11.4% | imports 98.1% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 180 | Malta | 10.3% | imports 100% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 181 | Hong Kong | 8.7% | imports 100% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 182 | Bahrain | 7.3% | imports 100% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 183 | Antigua & Barbuda | 6.7% | imports 100% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 184 | Qatar | 4.4% | imports 99.9% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 185 | Macao | 2.1% | imports 100% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
| 186 | Djibouti | 1% | imports 100% of consumption | 1 | FAO |
About the data
Indicators. Two layers. “Calorie self-sufficiency” is the ratio of a country's own food production to its domestic consumption, in calories: 100% — the country produces exactly as much as it consumes; above 100% — it produces more and exports the surplus; below — it covers the gap with imports. “Grain imports and exports” shows what share of the grain consumed in the country (wheat, rice, maize, barley and others, for food, feed and processing) is covered by net imports: (imports − exports) / (production + imports − exports). For example, “imports 67.8% of consumption” for Japan means it brings in two thirds of the grain it consumes. If a country exports more grain than it imports, net exports are shown against its own consumption: “exports 33.3% of consumption” for Russia means it ships out a volume of grain equal to a third of what it consumes itself; “exports 181.2% of consumption” for Bulgaria means it exports almost twice as much as it consumes.
Reading the two layers together. The indicators do not add up to 100%: the first covers all food in calories, the second only grain. Together they show a country's profile. Chile — 60% and 60.4%: grain is shorter than food overall; its own production is stronger in fruit, fish and meat. Egypt — 62.9% and 41%: more than half of its grain is home-grown, while the biggest gaps are in oil, sugar and meat. Malaysia — 164.1% and 76.9%: a calorie surplus thanks to palm oil, but almost all grain is imported. The most vulnerable combination is low self-sufficiency with high grain dependence (Oman, Saudi Arabia, Japan); the most resilient is high self-sufficiency with net grain exports (Russia, Brazil, Canada, Australia).
Calculating self-sufficiency. For each of the 95 products in the food balance sheet (cereals, oilseeds, sugar, vegetables, fruit, meat, milk, fish and so on), production and domestic consumption (food, feed, seed, processing, losses) are converted into calories using the product's world-average calorie content and summed. WhiteIndex calculation based on FAO food balance sheets.
Period and source. FAO food balance sheets as processed by Our World in Data, 2026 release; summed over 2021–2023 to smooth out harvest swings. The latest available year is 2023.
Scale. Calorie self-sufficiency: under 25%, 25–50%, 50–75%, 75–90%, 90–100%, 100–120%, 120–150%, 150% and more. Grain imports and exports: net exporter, imports 0–10%, 10–25%, 25–50%, 50–75%, 75–90%, 90–99%, 100%. Green — high self-sufficiency, red — heavy dependence on imports.
Gaps. Countries without an FAO food balance sheet are shown in grey — including Singapore, Eritrea, Somaliland and a number of small island states and dependent territories.
Caveats. Calorie self-sufficiency ignores the variety of the diet: a country can produce many calories of one kind and import the rest. The high figures for Malaysia and Indonesia are largely explained by palm oil, Iceland's by fish, while they mostly import their grain. That is why the two layers are best read together. Livestock feed counts as consumption while meat and milk count as production, so countries that import feed look somewhat more self-reliant than they are.
Sources and data dates
FAO, Food Balance Sheets (FAOSTAT), as processed by Our World in Data (dataset faostat_fbsc, version 2026-02-25). Data retrieved 21 October 2026.
WhiteIndex. Food self-sufficiency of the world's countries: map and data. Data: FAO food balance sheets (2021–2023), WhiteIndex calculation.
A WhiteIndex reference page. The data is updated when the FAO releases new food balance sheets (once a year).